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View Full Version : Evidence for Evolution: Strigolactone inhibition of shoot branching


nygreenguy
04-17-2009, 01:08 AM
A carotenoid-derived hormonal signal that inhibits shoot branching in plants has long escaped identification. Strigolactones
are compounds thought to be derived from carotenoids and are known to trigger the germination of parasitic plant seeds and
stimulate symbiotic fungi. Here we present evidence that carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 8 shoot branching mutants of pea
are strigolactone deficient and that strigolactone application restores the wild-type branching phenotype to ccd8 mutants.
Moreover, we show that other branching mutants previously characterized as lacking a response to the branching inhibition
signal also lack strigolactone response, and are not deficient in strigolactones. These responses are conserved in Arabidopsis.
In agreement with the expected properties of the hormonal signal, exogenous strigolactone can be transported in shoots and
act at low concentrations. We suggest that endogenous strigolactones or related compounds inhibit shoot branching in
plants. Furthermore, ccd8 mutants demonstrate the diverse effects of strigolactones in shoot branching, mycorrhizal
symbiosis and parasitic weed interaction.
Vol 455| 11 September 2008| doi:10.1038/nature07271

I just read this article not too long ago and all the talk about evolution here reminded me of it!

Here's why things like this is cool. We have carotenoids, they make up many parts of plants photosynthetic pathway. Now, if we take on of there, and just break on bond, we now have a hormone. Now if we just break off one more thing, we have another hormone. If we add a carboxyl group, we have another hormone. What we have are the very specific chemicals which, when slightly modified, suddenly become a totally new novel chemical. We also see the same thing with many unit repeats. We have one chemical which is a 5 carbon compound. We add on another to get a 10 carbon and we got a new novel chemical. Add another 5 carbon or another 10 carbon and we have a new chemical.

Many people claim how these super specific hormones are "irreducibly" complex but any chemist will tell you its simply in the nature of molecules to undergo these changes! Its absolutely fascinating how nature is so efficient and how everything is simply built on what came before.

The rest of the paper has some neat stuff about how this hormone acts in various plants. (it acts as a seed germinator in parasitic plants, allows mychorizae to recognize the plant and facilitates bud growth) So, if anyone wants I can post more, I just though this was interesting.

nygreenguy
04-17-2009, 06:08 PM
Why doesnt anyone care about plant hormones.....

Damn speciesists!

VoxRat
04-17-2009, 06:48 PM
I'll read the paper and ask you any questions that occur to me.

Meanwhile, if you have any random thoughts or articles on the subject of innate immunity in plants, feel free to dump them here.

nygreenguy
04-17-2009, 08:07 PM
I'll read the paper and ask you any questions that occur to me.

Meanwhile, if you have any random thoughts or articles on the subject of innate immunity in plants, feel free to dump them here.

Immunity?

VoxRat
04-17-2009, 08:28 PM
I'll read the paper and ask you any questions that occur to me.

Meanwhile, if you have any random thoughts or articles on the subject of innate immunity in plants, feel free to dump them here.

Immunity?Well, I'm - if not a speciesist - at least much more acquainted with the animal world than the plant world.

Animals have all sorts of mechanisms for keeping microbes at bay. Most people are familiar with some aspects of the vertebrate "immune system" - lymphocytes and antibodies specifically targetted at specific invaders that the organism has encountered before. (Hence, vaccination). But in addition, there are a bunch of mechanisms, "innate immunity", that get mobilized in response to invaders - bacteria and viruses etc - the organism has never seen before. I believe plants have similar, or functionally similar, mechanisms and I'm curious to know what, if any, overlap there is between animal and plant systems.

nygreenguy
04-17-2009, 09:15 PM
I'll read the paper and ask you any questions that occur to me.

Meanwhile, if you have any random thoughts or articles on the subject of innate immunity in plants, feel free to dump them here.

Immunity?Well, I'm - if not a speciesist - at least much more acquainted with the animal world than the plant world.

Animals have all sorts of mechanisms for keeping microbes at bay. Most people are familiar with some aspects of the vertebrate "immune system" - lymphocytes and antibodies specifically targetted at specific invaders that the organism has encountered before. (Hence, vaccination). But in addition, there are a bunch of mechanisms, "innate immunity", that get mobilized in response to invaders - bacteria and viruses etc - the organism has never seen before. I believe plants have similar, or functionally similar, mechanisms and I'm curious to know what, if any, overlap there is between animal and plant systems.

Well, perhaps the most common plant response to "infection" is apoptosis. When a cell is invaded, a chemical is released which causes the cells to die and the neighboring ones to die also. This then doesnt allow the pathogen to infect and spread, allowing the living bordering cells to wall off the invader.

Im not so sure if animals do anything similar.

VoxRat
04-17-2009, 09:40 PM
Im not so sure if animals do anything similar.Oh yeah. We do. There's a whole set of genes that respond to virus invasion signals by triggering apoptosis. Some viruses have genes that defeat those genes, preventing the cell from committing suicide.

miss djax
04-17-2009, 10:47 PM
Im not so sure if animals do anything similar.Oh yeah. We do. There's a whole set of genes that respond to virus invasion signals by triggering apoptosis. Some viruses have genes that defeat those genes, preventing the cell from committing suicide.

/begin noob sci hijack

wait, cells commit suicide?

/end hijack

nygreenguy
04-18-2009, 01:12 AM
Im not so sure if animals do anything similar.Oh yeah. We do. There's a whole set of genes that respond to virus invasion signals by triggering apoptosis. Some viruses have genes that defeat those genes, preventing the cell from committing suicide.

/begin noob sci hijack

wait, cells commit suicide?

/end hijack


All the time. Its called programmed cell death, or apoptosis. In the womb you have webbed feet and hands. Apoptosis that gets rid of the webs. And in plants, its what makes the xylem and phloem. Their drying makes them hollow so they can conduct water and nutrients. The whole trunk of a tree only has a very thin layer of cells (cambium) that's actually alive!

miss djax
04-20-2009, 06:40 PM
Oh yeah. We do. There's a whole set of genes that respond to virus invasion signals by triggering apoptosis. Some viruses have genes that defeat those genes, preventing the cell from committing suicide.

/begin noob sci hijack

wait, cells commit suicide?

/end hijack


All the time. Its called programmed cell death, or apoptosis. In the womb you have webbed feet and hands. Apoptosis that gets rid of the webs. And in plants, its what makes the xylem and phloem. Their drying makes them hollow so they can conduct water and nutrients. The whole trunk of a tree only has a very thin layer of cells (cambium) that's actually alive!

thanks for the explanation!!!